Any line segment through the center of the ellipse with endpoints on the ellipse.
major axis
The line segment containing the foci whose endpoints are on the ellipse. Alternatively, the longest diameter of the ellipse.
minor axis
The shortest diameter of the ellipse that passes through the center. Alternatively, the line segment perpendicular to the major axis and through the center with endpoints on the ellipse.
semimajor axis
A piece of the major axis that has one endpoint at the center and the other on the ellipse.
semiminor axis
A piece of the minor axis that has one endpoint at the center and the other on the ellipse.